CDT Data Tables
For the following data, all figures should be taken as indicative only, and are based on the following assumptions:
- the CDT is introduced in 2021 in every jurisdiction globally
- the rate is increased as described in the report: introduced at $5 per tonne of CO2e, then increasing by $5 per tonne of CO2e each year until 2030, when it will be reviewed with the expectation of increasing by $10 each year up to 2050.
- the fossil fuel phase out follows the average of pathways P1, P2 and P3 in the IPCC Special Report on 1.5°C
- countries do not shift between income brackets or change their share of each fossil fuel usage globally over time
For the full methodology and sources, please see the report Appendix.
Potential CDT revenues globally by year
Year | Just Transition revenues ($bn) | Loss and Damage revenues ($bn) | Total CDT revenues ($bn) |
---|---|---|---|
2021 | 141 | 69 | 210 |
2022 | 256 | 125 | 381 |
2023 | 349 | 171 | 520 |
2024 | 423 | 207 | 631 |
2025 | 481 | 236 | 717 |
2026 | 526 | 258 | 783 |
2027 | 559 | 274 | 833 |
2028 | 582 | 285 | 867 |
2029 | 597 | 292 | 889 |
2030 | 605 | 296 | 902 |
2031 | 663 | 325 | 988 |
2032 | 706 | 346 | 1,052 |
2033 | 738 | 361 | 1,099 |
2034 | 759 | 372 | 1,130 |
2035 | 771 | 378 | 1,149 |
2036 | 777 | 380 | 1,157 |
2037 | 776 | 380 | 1,157 |
2038 | 771 | 378 | 1,149 |
2039 | 762 | 373 | 1,135 |
2040 | 749 | 367 | 1,116 |
2041 | 734 | 359 | 1,093 |
2042 | 717 | 351 | 1,068 |
2043 | 698 | 342 | 1,040 |
2044 | 678 | 332 | 1,010 |
2045 | 658 | 322 | 980 |
2046 | 637 | 312 | 948 |
2047 | 615 | 301 | 916 |
2048 | 594 | 291 | 884 |
2049 | 572 | 280 | 853 |
2050 | 551 | 270 | 821 |
Potential CDT revenues across all countries in 2021
Country of fossil fuel extraction | Just Transition revenues remitted to governments for domestic use ($m) | Loss and Damage revenues contributed to solidarity fund by fossil fuel extractors due to extraction activity within country ($m) | Total ($m) |
---|---|---|---|
US | 12,789 | 12,789 | 25,578 |
Canada | 3,034 | 3,034 | 6,068 |
Mexico | 1,514 | 649 | 2,163 |
Total North America | 17,337 | 16,472 | 33,809 |
Argentina | 386 | 386 | 772 |
Bolivia | 170 | 0 | 170 |
Brazil | 1,732 | 742 | 2,474 |
Colombia | 1,413 | 605 | 2,018 |
Ecuador | 294 | 126 | 419 |
Peru | 146 | 62 | 208 |
Trinidad & Tobago | 200 | 200 | 401 |
Venezuela | 1,381 | 592 | 1,973 |
Other S. & Cent. America | 118 | 51 | 168 |
Total S. & Cent. America | 5,839 | 2,765 | 8,604 |
Bulgaria | 339 | 145 | 484 |
Czech Republic | 316 | 316 | 632 |
Denmark | 75 | 75 | 149 |
Germany | 1,263 | 1,263 | 2,525 |
Greece | 266 | 266 | 532 |
Hungary | 56 | 56 | 112 |
Italy | 57 | 57 | 114 |
Netherlands | 182 | 182 | 364 |
Norway | 1,266 | 1,266 | 2,533 |
Poland | 913 | 913 | 1,826 |
Romania | 362 | 155 | 517 |
Serbia | 393 | 169 | 562 |
Spain | 20 | 20 | 39 |
Turkey | 982 | 421 | 1,403 |
United Kingdom | 572 | 572 | 1,145 |
Other Europe | 552 | 552 | 1,104 |
Total Europe | 7,613 | 6,427 | 14,040 |
Azerbaijan | 527 | 226 | 753 |
Kazakhstan | 2,178 | 933 | 3,111 |
Russian Federation | 14,180 | 6,077 | 20,258 |
Turkmenistan | 560 | 240 | 800 |
Ukraine | 674 | 0 | 674 |
Uzbekistan | 624 | 0 | 624 |
Other C’wealth of Independent States | 141 | 0 | 141 |
Total C’wealth of Independent States | 18,884 | 7,476 | 26,360 |
Bahrain | 75 | 75 | 150 |
Iran | 3,971 | 1,702 | 5,673 |
Iraq | 2,356 | 1,010 | 3,365 |
Kuwait | 1,161 | 1,161 | 2,322 |
Oman | 510 | 510 | 1,021 |
Qatar | 1,461 | 1,461 | 2,922 |
Saudi Arabia | 4,690 | 4,690 | 9,379 |
Syria | 47 | 0 | 47 |
United Arab Emirates | 1,599 | 1,599 | 3,197 |
Yemen | 37 | 0 | 37 |
Other Middle East | 178 | 76 | 255 |
Total Middle East | 16,084 | 12,283 | 28,390 |
Algeria | 1,322 | 566 | 1,888 |
Angola | 1,205 | 0 | 1,205 |
Chad | 80 | 0 | 80 |
Republic of Congo | 216 | 0 | 216 |
Egypt | 961 | 0 | 961 |
Equatorial Guinea | 98 | 42 | 140 |
Gabon | 103 | 44 | 147 |
Libya | 500 | 214 | 715 |
Nigeria | 1,872 | 0 | 1,872 |
South Africa | 2,482 | 1,064 | 3,546 |
South Sudan | 79 | 0 | 79 |
Sudan | 62 | 0 | 62 |
Tunisia | 36 | 0 | 36 |
Zimbabwe | 41 | 0 | 41 |
Other Africa | 487 | 209 | 696 |
Total Africa | 9,544 | 2,139 | 11,683 |
Australia | 4,056 | 4,056 | 8,111 |
Bangladesh | 264 | 0 | 264 |
Brunei | 100 | 100 | 200 |
China | 37,678 | 16,148 | 53,825 |
India | 10,943 | 0 | 10,943 |
Indonesia | 7,838 | 0 | 7,838 |
Japan | 10 | 10 | 20 |
Malaysia | 877 | 376 | 1,253 |
Mongolia | 696 | 0 | 696 |
Myanmar | 179 | 0 | 179 |
New Zealand | 21 | 21 | 41 |
Pakistan | 401 | 0 | 401 |
South Korea | 10 | 10 | 21 |
Thailand | 602 | 258 | 860 |
Vietnam | 866 | 0 | 866 |
Other Asia Pacific | 970 | 416 | 1,385 |
Total Asia Pacific | 65,510 | 21,393 | 86,903 |
Total World | 140,811 | 68,956 | 209,790 |
High income | 35,638 | 35,638 | 71,276 |
Upper middle income | 77,741 | 33,318 | 111,059 |
Lower middle income | 27,432 | 0 | 27,432 |
Low income | 283 | 0 | 283 |
The SDGs need real solutions, not failed ideas
Instead of the same old failed ideas, we need real solutions to the SDGs funding gap more urgently than ever. Public services – whether in high or low income countries – are best funded through public money, which can be spent where need is greatest rather than chasing profit. These solutions include Global Solidarity Levies – alongside cracking down on huge global companies that dodge paying taxes in low income countries, and wiping out unpayable debts for the lowest income countries.
Yet over the last decade, politicians in high income countries have tried to fob us off with failed ideas. Their favourite is the so-called ‘Billions to Trillions’ approach, which lets high income country governments off the hook by relying on huge global companies to voluntarily fill the SDGs funding gap.
They claim that if these companies are offered profit guarantees, backed up by $100 billion from the aid budget, they will invest one trillion dollars into essential public services in low income countries. But this approach has been called ‘mathematical gymnastics’ – experts suggest this sort of private investment could only double the aid budget at best.
Click here to read our report: Billions to Trillions: A Reality Check
More and more evidence – from both high and low income countries – also shows that public services such as hospitals and roads do not generate big profits. Guarantees then leave governments on the hook for sky-high payments decades to come.
In Lesotho, annual payments for one hospital built through a ‘Public Private Partnership’ (PPP) ended up costing half the country’s entire health budget. In 2018, Chancellor Philip Hammond vowed not to sign another ‘Private Finance Initiative’ (PFI) deal for UK public services for this reason, and the French Court of Auditors recommended the strategy be abandoned in 2017.
And private funding also neglects the most vulnerable.
The ‘Billions to Trillions’ approach ignores the evidence that low income countries are often left worse off, wastes scarce aid money, and doesn’t reach those most in need. And every day spent talking about ‘Billions to Trillions’ is a day wasted, when real solutions to fill the SDGs funding gap are being ignored. It’s time for governments to get real, and force those who can best afford to pay a bit more, to do so.
Published 15/04/19 2:44 am
Billions to Trillions: A Reality Check
Our new report, Billions to Trillions: A Reality Check authored by Sony Kapoor of the think tank, RE-DEFINE, was launched during the 2019 UN Financing for Development Forum in New York.
The report outlines why the mobilisation potential of blending has been oversold through the Billions to Trillions agenda by a factor of ten, and how continued blending evangelism is unhelpful in reaching the Sustainable Development Goals.
The Climate Damages Tax: a guide to what it is and how it works
Our new Climate Damages Tax report has been launched during COP24 in Katowice, Poland.
The report outlines how a Climate Damages Tax on the fossil fuel industry – those overwhelmingly responsible for the climate problem – could raise approximately $300 billion a year in revenues for loss and damage to help the most vulnerable people deal with the worst impacts of climate change, and billions more for just transition to renewable energy, jobs and transport.
REPORT: The Climate Damages Tax: A guide to what it is and how it works
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Executive Summary – The Climate Damages Tax: A guide to what it is and how it works
OPED: It’s time for those who caused climate change to pay for it
Please click here for the full data estimating potential CDT revenues.
Climate Damages Tax video
It’s time to make the fossil fuel industry pay for the damage it has caused.
See this short film to find out more:
Published 16/05/17 3:47 pm
Labour Pledges to Introduce Robin Hood Tax

Labour have announced they will modernise the current Stamp Duty on shares to bring in an extra £26 billion over the course of the parliament.
Published 12/09/12 9:16 am
The Banker
See Bill Nighy starring in our brilliant (even if we say so ourselves) launch film, seen by more than 1 million people. 831